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rXiv was established in August 1991 as the world’s first electronic preprint repository by physicist Paul Ginsparg at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, with funding from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and the U.S. Department of Energy. Its main site is hosted at Cornell University, with 17 mirror sites worldwide, including one at the Institute of Theoretical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The arXiv preprint repository now contains more than 2.2 million papers across multiple fields, including physics, mathematics, computer science, and quantitative biology. Full-text articles are available in multiple formats (PS, PDF, DVI, etc.), which may require appropriate viewers to read. arXiv supports both subject classification and keyword-based search for efficient information retrieval.